1987 would not have been the same without this album.
R.E.M. was among the greatest bands in this era. They grew in fame while somehow maintaining their artistic vision and keeping their wits about them. Each album built on the previous one, or added new twists. Someone rightly said that one's favorite R.E.M. album is whatever was released when the person discovered them... because over 10 albums or so, each one was strong and noteworthy. This is a rare accomplishment.
"Document" moved R.E.M. into major commercial recognition. Michael Stipe's vocals were never this direct and un-murmured. The band had a unique ability to handle superstardom well and continue to produce great work even as their audience steadily expanded. (Two, three, four, and five albums after this are among their very best. Along with all the others.)
So what about "Document" itself? It is lyrically interesting, covering politics and personal proclivities, and its sound is great. The hits are in the middle, and it ends stronger than it begins in my opinion. And don't be fooled: (this one goes out to) "The One I Love" is not a nice song to play for your girlfriend. "It's the End of the World" is R.E.M.'s very own "Subterranean Homesick Blues" and I love it. But it takes deep cuts to make an album truly great, and this has plenty: "Exhuming McCarthy," "Fireplace," and "King of Birds" to name a few.
I wish at LEAST "Life's Rich Pageant" and "Out of Time" were on the (official) 1001 list. Rarely has a band had so many strong albums in a row (beginning with their debut), a great band and remarkable career.